Buck uses this in its Chinese imports as well as many of its USA made knives. It has shown excellent wear resistance and edge retention and is tougher than most stainless steels, such as ATS-34, although less so than other non-stainless grades. This is a type of steel is sometimes used when making Damascus steel. Unlike the 440 grades, however, all three AUS grades have vanadium alloyed to increase wear resistance and edge retention. Ferritic steel is less ductile than austenitic steel and is not hardenable by heat treatment. While W-1 is fine grade steel, the addition of vanadium in W-2 increases its wear resistance and hardenability. Surgical steels includes the 300 series or 18-8 Stainless  which have a make up 18% chromium and 8% nickel. A steel designation trademarked by Cold Steel, Carbon V reportedly fits between a 1095 and O1 grade and is similar to 50100-B. While Martensite gives great hardeness to the steel it also casue the steel to be brittle so few steels are fully hardened. Molybdenum 4.00%, and 1095 is a non-stainless carbon steel, with approximately 0.95% carbon in the blade.This makes for a tough knife that holds an excellent edge, but it's prone to rusting if you don't take care of it. Assisted Opening: A knife that uses a spring or other device to assist in the opening of the blade. It is one of the 10-series steels.  The 95 stands for .95% carbon content in the steel.Â. It is the most rust-resistant of 440 steel, and 440C is the least rust-resistant of the three. D2 Tool Steel (semi-stainless / carbon steel):   D2  is a wear resistant steel used for various cutting tools such a shears and planers. A. John, I'd consider the corrosion resistance of 440A and 440C to be so close as to be equal. These grades of Japanese stainless are comparable to 440A (AUS-6), 440B (AUS-8), and 44C (AUS-10). However, the high degree of hardness makes this steel difficult to sharpen. It has one of the highest attainable hardnesses of the corrosion and heat resisting grades. Stainless steels are made corrosion resistant by the addition of chromium. Therefore, if you can get a custom from the trusted maker, then it is probably worth it, otherwise not that good. It is better than 440C but not as good as S30V. 316 Stainless Steel:  Grade 316 is the standard molybdenum-bearing grade stainless steel, second in importance to 304 amongst the austenitic (non-magnetic) stainless steels.  It is a surgical stainless steel. The Rockwell test is around HRC 58-61. 400 Series Stainless:  A term almost as misleading as “Surgical Steel”  1095 Carbon Steel. It is a soft, brittle metal which does not stand up to harsh use. This grade of stainless can be tough and strong but loses its edge quickly. A Swedish made stainless, 12C27 is composed of an alloy similar to 440A. Ferritic Stainless Steel:  Ferritic stainless steels have approximately of 17% chromium. Bell, Terence. Damascus steel refers to a process whereby two different steel grades are forge-welded together and acid-etched to create steel with unique and eye-catching patterns. Bell, Terence. Compare 20 Grades of Knife Steel. Most consider it to be on par with AUS6 or AUS 8 steel in edge retention and durability. Unfortunately unless the person says what type of tool steel is being used, it becomes a somewhat innocuous term that is meaningless. 1095 blades also tend to be thicker because a thin knife made of hard 1095 can be too brittle. 440 Stainless Steel: Any of the 440 series Stainless Steel.  When not specified it should be considered 440 A. It would make an absolutely lousy knife blade due to the softness of the metal yet in theory it is a Surgical Steel.  The steel is often used for dining sets. Both are martensitic stainless steel, as you can see from the table, 2Cr13 vs 3Cr13 have only different carbon contents in the chemical composition. ATS-34: A stainless steel considered superior to 440C Stainless Steel in most aspects but may not be as tough. Crucible powder metallurgy (CPM) high vanadium-content steel. Frequent lubrication and proper storage will keep things in good order. The only thing is, factories don't heat treat that steel to those high standards. They should, though. A stainless steel with 1.15% Carbon, .50 Magnesium, .30 Silicon, 14.5 Chromium, 4.0 Molydium, and 1.5 Vanadium. Chromium 14.00%, 12C27 - Another old timer. Carbon content should be at a minimum of 0.4% to qualify as plain carbon steel.  Other elements such as molybdenum and nickel are not specified.  It is considered a “high” carbon tool steel if the carbon content exceeds 0.6%. AUS-6 is softer but tougher than ATS-34. Tool steel is more prone to rusting than stainless steel. Generally seen as a slight upgrade to the 440C/VG-10/ATS-34 caliber of steel, it’s a decent all-around steel with good corrosion resistance, decent toughness, and only modest hardness. It is in no way all inclusive. 440B Stainless Steel: Stainless Steel with a minimum of 0 .9% carbon.  440Bis tougher and will handle more abuse than 440A but will rust more easily. The stainless steel alloys shown in the table above were heated as sheet samples for 60 minutes per inch of thickness at 1800°F (982°C) for Type ATI 410 and at 1900°F (1038°C) for ATI 420, ATI 425 Modified, and ATI 440A alloys, and then air cooled to room temperature. For each property being compared, the top bar is AISI 316 stainless steel and the bottom bar is AISI 440C stainless steel. A ubiquitous high-end stainless steel that became popular in the 1990s, ATS-34 is a high carbon and chromium stainless steel that contains molybdenum to increase hardness. 6150: A CV steel with a medium to high carbon content (.50%) used in making automobile springs. The follwoing formula is a break down in the steel: 8CR part means it is 8% chromium and the 17MoV means .17% molybdenum  and .17% VanadiumÂ. (440A, 440B, 440C)  Companies use the vague term for a number of reasons but it is probably used so that different types of 440 steel with varying heat treatments can be used on different blades without having to be specific.  This can be good or bad. It has high strength, moderate corrosion resis… Slightly less corrosion resistant than 440A, 440C is more widely used and is better regarded because it takes and holds a sharp edge, that is tougher and more stain-resistant than ATS-34. 425M:  A stainless steel used by Buck Knives with about .5% carbon, It is about the same as 440a Stainless Steel. Böhler n695 is equivalent to 440C. Blade Steel Types.URL: www.theknifeconnection.net/blade-steel-typesTalmadge, Joe. 3cr13 steel is a martensitic stainless steel that contains 0.3% Carbon and 13% Chromium. Since the pictured 440C parts work alongside other metal components inside a valve assembly, and friction is involved, the customer did not want to risk corrosion inhibiting the function of the components. The American Iron and Steel Institute classifies it as 440C martensitic standard stainless steel. Frozen Heat: A proceess developed by Robeson in which knife blades are heat treated, cooled to room temperature in an oil bath then placed in a deep freeze of around -170° F (-112° C) and then given another heat reatment to relieve stress before receiving a final tempering heat. 1095 steel, which contains 0.95 percent carbon and 0.4 percent manganese, is reasonably tough, easy to sharpen, affordable, and hones to an edge superior to most stainless steels. It is sometimes refered to as semi-stainless carbons steel due to the added Chromium. Cutlery-grade stainless generally contains more than 13 percent chromium, the oxide of which helps to form a passive film that protects against corrosion and staining. High Carbon Tool Steel:  Steel in which the carbon content exceeds 0.6%. The HRC is said to be in the high 50s but Spyderco does not perform Rockwell testing on the steel. O2 is another reliable high carbon steel. Grade 440C stainless steel is a high carbon martensitic stainlesssteel. 440A is used in many production knives because of its edge retention, ease of resharpening, and corrosion resistance. 440C is an excellent, high-end stainless steel, usually hardened to around 56-58 Rc. AUS-8 is tougher but is still easy to sharpen and holds a good edge. Or move to a harder steel like ATS-34/154CM, VG-10, and S60V or S30v. S90V has less chromium and double the vanadium of its counterpart, allowing it to more wear-resistant and tougher. (See also Rostfrei and Surgical Steel), J2 Tool steel:  A non-sensical term often applied to 420J2 Stainless Steel to make a person think they are buying a better quality knife. For those applications where superior machinability is desired and where slightly lower corrosion resistance is satisfactory 440C … The steels composition is: Carbon-0.15%, Chromium-14.00-16.00%, Manganese-2.00%, Molybdenum-0.50-1.50%, Nickel-6.00-8.00%, Nitrogen-0.10%, Phosphorus-0.04%, Silicon-3.00-4.50%, Sulfur-0.03%. Norwegian Steel:  The term normally refers to a stainless steel with .6% carbon. However, because it is used on making certain surgical tools some people will call it 420J2 tool steel in a less than scrupulous sales pitch. Carbon content is around .65-.75% Chromium is 16-18% and is around Molidium .75%. O-1 Tool Steel (carbon steel):  O-1 is a carbon steel used by the Randall Knife Company.  It is proven superior to 1095 Carbon Steel.  It contains 0.90% carbon 1.0%–1.4% manganese, 0.50% chromium, 0.50% nickel, and 0.50% tungsten.. When it comes to knives, zamak is often used for knife handles, cross-bars hilts, etc. Manganese 0.50%, Slightly less corrosion resistant than 440A, 440C is more widely used and is better regarded because it takes and holds a sharp edge, that is tougher and more stain-resistant than ATS-34. On the other hand, it is tougher and thus can absorb more hacking punishment than 1095. It is often referred to a "Super Steel" due to its quality. Air-hardened tool steel. the 70 and 75 refers to the amount of carbon (.70 or .75%) used in the blade construction. As the term Inox was was adopted by the Victoria Knife Company (now Victorinox) for its stainless steel blades, many consider it to mean a certain type of stainless steel. For this reason, it is a U.S. Military standard for marlin spikes on folding rigger knives used by the Navy and Coast Guard. Other trace elements do not need to be specified. C45 Steel: A carbon steel .45 Carbon, .4 Si, .65 Mn, .10 Mo, .40 Ni used in hand tools such as Hammers and Axes. 440c is better and can hold a good edge. In fact the steel is going to possess the weakest qualities of both steels. It is considered hard to work but has exellent edge retention but somewhat brittle.. HRC 61-63. Assume that if the type of tool steel is not mentioned, it is just plain-carbon steel, the lowest grade of tool steel. It is most commonly used by Victorinox in its cutting blades on their pocket knives. Surgical Steel:  Almost any type of stainless steel can be classified as “surgical steel” making the term surgical steel virtually meaningless. German Marine Steel: Another name for Krupp 4116 Stainless Steel. H-1 Super Steel: A precipitation-hardened steel containing nitrogen and designed to be rust proof. Spyderco uses the steel for dive and rescue knives that are expected to be used in high corrosion environments such as salt water. 9Cr18MoV Steel vs 440C - discountstainlesssteel. The steel contains 18% chromium and 8 % nickel. Damascus Steel:  Two or more types of steel of differing grades are heated and forge welded to create patterns in the blade.  The blades are then acid etched to further bring out the varying patterns of light and dark steels. The hardness of steel is usually stated as a number on the Rockwell C scale. It is not a true tool steel. Common grades used in the production of Damascus steel include 15N20 (L-6), O1, ASTM 203E, 1095, 1084, 5160, W-2, and 52100. 420J Stainless Steel: Is a low carbon stainless steel which is used in lot of inexpensive imports, Some knife makers use it in the liners of their folding knives but not for blades. 420 Stainless Steel: A low carbon content (less than .5%) stainless steel which is extremely stain resistant but soft, making it a poor choice for every day or rough use.  It is, however a good choice for knives used around salt water (diving) and for decorative knives because of its rust resistant qualities.  It is often used in cheap imports.  This is probably the steel they are referring to when a company advertises “Surgical Steel.” It dulls quickly and is easily nicked, bent, blunted or broken due to being a soft steel. lesser grade steel, typically 420 or 420J@. The Aerospace Materials Specification lists it as 5880, a "premium aircraft quality product." https://www.thoughtco.com/knife-steel-grades-2340185 (accessed March 14, 2021). Blade materials are those used to make the blade of a knife or other simple edged hand tool or weapon, such as a hatchet or sword. Tougher than D2, but less wear-resistant. If you spend any time in the kitchen or outdoors, you'll understand the value of having a strong knife blade that retains a sharp edge. An air-hardened "semi-stainless" steel, D2 has a relatively high chromium content (12 percent), which makes it more stain-resistant than other carbon steels. 440C (and similar grades including Gin-1, ATS-55, 8A). This grade is magnetic at all times. Bell, Terence. Damasscus Steel is more correctly termed Pattern Welded Steel and alsmost always is made with carbon steel and is prone to rusting. Both AISI 430 stainless steel and AISI 440C stainless steel are iron alloys. File Steel: A tool steel used in the manufacturing of files.  It is also known as the ASTM standard W1 Steel.   When .2% vanadium is added it to W1 Steel it is known as W2 steel. Carbon generally decreases as numbers in the 10-series decrease, which results in less wear resistance but more toughness. if you are use to spyderco's VG-10, you will be disappointed with 3Cr13. Properly heat-treated, O1 and 1095-grade steels are seen as by many equal to any expensive stainless steel grades.  1050 equals ½ of 1% or 0.50%.   More carbon produces a harder, tougher blade but increase the potential for staining (rust).  See also 1095. Not being stainless, it will rust if not oiled and protected. 0.35% of Carbon: For tensile strength and Edge retention. Very similar to the ATS-34 and 154CM grades but with a higher vanadium content, this steel behaves equally as well but with more stain resistance and toughness. They are a combination of martensitic and austenitic steels. 440 Tested Sharp (Anvil): Another Rough Rider Trademark blade etch used on their 440 series stainless steel. The steel is austenitic (non-magnetic) due to the high chromium content but is used in surgical instruments due to it high stainless content. It is normally found on the obverse side of the main blade. Stainless steels are high-alloy steels which have high corrosionresistance compared to other steels due to the presence of largeamounts of chromium. In fact the term is just as generic as Rostfrei and Surgical Steel. You can't sharpen it! It originated in Scandinavia.  It is roughly equivalent to 440A.  Also known as 12C27 Stainless Steel. BG-42. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/knife-steel-grades-2340185. This grade of stainless holds a good edge but can be difficult to sharpen because of its high hardness. Stronger than the 440A group of stainless steels as a result of higher carbon content, 440C is a high-chromium stainless that has excellent hardness properties. the lower the carbon, the lower the hardness you can get from a heat treat. The exception to this rule is if you already familiar with other knives of the same brand and know them to be of good quality. 440 grade stainless steel has a resistivity of 600 nano-ohm meters at 21 degrees Celsius (69.8 degrees … What Are the Types and Properties of Steel? A lower chromium level is normally ideal for blade steel but will be more prone to rusting. 10-series steels, particularly 1095, are often found in cutlery knives. 6195: A CV steel steel with a high carbon content (.95% )used in making ball bearing. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown. Unless specified it is meaningless. While it is used to make some tools, it is not truly a "Tool Steel", Japanese Steel:  A non-descriptive term for stainless steel manufactured in Japan.  Unless specified it could mean anything.   The dealer is hoping you think it is at least AUS 6 Stainless steel.  A steel manufactured in Japan that is equivalent to 440 A Stainless steel. Most modern knifemakers simply call it 440C. 440C is considered a high-end stainless steel. It is aslo called Studebaker Steel because many knife makers used the steel specifically from the leaf springs of old Studebakers for knife blades. Add the fact that the 3CR13 adds alloys to improve the natural resistance of corrosion already found in stainless steel and you have a tough metal made for daily use by the average consumer. They use it mainly for pans and throw away blades. but is less than 1%. This really is not the case. Stainless Steel:  A steel chromium alloy with approximately 10% to 18% chromium added to the steel.  Stainless steel will still rust or stain.  It is just less prone to rusting and staining. Resistivity is the fundamental electrical property that is used to define the electrical properties of a material, and is a measure of how much a material impedes electron flow. A widely used group of stainless steels. Midway USA. There is debate about this claim. Like the 420HC stainless steel, the 440C stainless steel has the ability to developing a greater hardness than other grades in the 400 series when heat-treated. The stainless steel is usually composed of 12% or more of Chromium, and that’s is the case of our 3cr13 stainless steel, it has: 13% of Chromium: It improves hardness and wear/corrosion resistance, but a high amount of it decreases strength. The Characteristics of Austenitic Stainless Steel, Damascus Steel: Ancient Sword Making Techniques, An Introduction to Cryogenic Hardening of Metal, Properties and Composition of Type 201 Stainless Steel, www.theknifeconnection.net/blade-steel-types, zknives.com/knives/articles/knifesteelfaq.shtml. 12C27:  A Steel with .6% carbon that originated in Scandinavia.  It is roughly equivalent to 440A. 440 Razor Sharp Steel:  A Rough Rider Trademark blade etch normally found on the reverse side of the main blade.  While not specified, these knives usually have a Rockwell hardness rating of around 56-58HRC. 440C is a hardenable chromium steel. High Carbon:  A term meaning a blade has more carbon than is normally found in the particular grade of steel.  Unless you know the grade of the steel, the term is meaningless. While knife makers could debate at length about the benefits and drawbacks of using different steel grades to forge blades, the reality is that most people don't really pay much attention to the grade of steel used to make a knife. Cro-Van :1095 Steel with added Chromium (1%) and Vanadium (.18%) to improve hardening and strength. It has the dull luster of pewter but is sometimes electroplated with brass to give it a brass finish. The balance of carbon and chromium content give it a high degree of corrosion resistance and also impressive physical characteristics of strength and edge holding. Based on their crystalline structure, they aredivided into three types such as ferritic, austenitic, and martensiticsteels. Many high-end custom knife makers use damascus steel because of the ability to fold a varity "patterns" in the steel. 154CM grade is the benchmark for high-end performance stainless. You normally do not see blades made with 440B steel. It is a stainless steel with a compostion of Carbon 1.45%, Chromium 14.00%, Vanadium 4.00%, Molybdenum 2.00%. It is exceptionally tough but harder to sharpen than most stainless steels. While the obvious drawback of non-stainless carbon steel is that it rusts more readily than stainless steel, carbon steels can be differentially tempered to provide hardness and excellent, sharp edges. 440B has a maximum hardness of 58HRC. The term usually refers to knives made by Ka-Bar. While not specified, these knives usually have a Rockwell hardness rating of around 56-58HRC. edge retention and strength is said to be on par with 440C but corrosion resistance is much higher. 3CR13: A Chinese Stainless steel that is similar in quality to 420J2 (AUS 4) stainless steel. "Compare 20 Grades of Knife Steel." 440c Toughness: 440c offers high wear resistance and corrosion resistance, in the cost of toughness (you can’t have the three in one steel), 440c is brittle steel with a decent toughness. This can be any 400 series stainless from 403 or 440F.  The smart consumer will assume it is a The compostion of 5160 is: Carbon - 0.56 - 0.64; Chromium - 0.7 - 0.9; Manganese - 0.75 - 1; Phosphorus - 0.035 max; Silicon - 0.15 - 0.35; and Sulphur - 0.04 max. The higher the carbon content, the greater the strength, but the lower the corrosion resistance. 440a and 440b are just about the same. 10A has a carbon content of around 1.10%. 420J2 Stainless Steel: 420J Stainless with a little more carbon.  It is sometimes used in dive knives because for its corrosion resistance.  It is used in surgical instruments due to ease of machining and corrosion resistance.  With proper heat treating can achieve a Rockwell test of 56; which makes it comparable to 420HC. 1080, A carbon steel blade used on survival combat knives and some of the better quality Kukris. It is also called carbon steel or plain carbon steel. It is a popular knife steel due to its edge retention. In general, this grade takes and holds an edge and is tough although it is not as stain-resistant as the 400 grades. Tough and impact-resistant, these steels are most often found in axes and hatchets. It is often used in scissors. Lee Gearhart Passivation is risky specifically when it comes to 440C and 416 Stainless Steel alloys which, based on Most kitchen knives are made from martensitic stainless steel. Get a knife made from high carbon steel like 1095, O1, D2, A2. At one time it was considered a stainless "Super Steel", 4116 Krupp Stainless Steel: 4116 is a fine grained, stainless steel made by ThyssenKrupp in Germany It was developed for the medical industry but is now used in food preperation. Silicon 0.30%. It effectively springs steel with added chromium to increase hardenability. 1095: 1095 is the steel used in many US Military fighting knives and is the de-facto industry standard for combat knives. In general, 440A has excellent hardening performance and high hardness, and its toughness is higher than that of 440B and 440C. The Steel was developed by Dick Barber of Crucible Materials Corporation in collaboration with knifemaker Chris Reeve. It is sometimes referred to as a semi-stainless carbon steel due to the added chromium. They are also  used for making dinner wear because they are very stain/rust resistant. It is called German Marine because it used in many nautical knives. 6A has an average of 0.65% carbon content, and usually competes against steels like 420 stainless steel when it comes to weapon making. AUS-10 has a similar carbon content to 440C, but less chromium, which results in less stain resistance. The grade of steel, as well as how it's made, determines everything from the blade's hardness and durability to its ability to take and hold a sharp edge and its corrosion resistance. It is very resistant to corrosion and is one of the most common stainless alloys used for making hairdressing scissors. 420HC: A 420 stainless modified with more carbon, and normally a better heat treatment.  It is said to be roughly comparable to 440A. It is used by high-end custom knife makers, and in some Damascus blades. It is also used by others. Knife Steel & Handle Material Selection.URL: www.midwayusa.com/Theknifeconnection.net. 440A (and similar grades including 425M, 420HC, and 6A). Ref - AISI 440A vs. 440B vs. 440C Steel Composition Comparison. This grade can be treated cryogenically to improve edge retention. It contains manganese, molybdenum, and vanadium to improve hardness, toughness, and edge retention. instead of more expensive metals such as brass, aluminum or 420 stainless steel. Can be heat treated for high strength and hardness. The difference between these two grades is in hardness and ductility, due to the higher carbon content of the 440C. 10 Series Carbon Steel:  Also known as 10XX.  10 is an SAE designation for plain carbon steel.  (1 means carbon, 0 denotes no other major element in the steel) The numbers following the ten give the amount of carbon added to the steel alloy.   For instance 1070 would equal 0.70% or 7/10 of 1% of carbon added to the steel. The novice knife collector should assume  that any knife passed off as surgical steel is no better than 420  even if it passes the magnet test. 440C has highest carbon content in 440 group. This is a high-end, bearing grade stainless alloy made with high carbon content. Stainless Steel Material Comparision GB1221-92 AISI、ASTM DIN17440 DIN17224 JIS NF A35-572/584 NF A35-576～ 582 BS 970 BS 1449 ISO683/13 ISO683/16 5CrmN9Ni4N SUH35 349S52 8( ①) 2Cr21Ni2N 2Cr23Ni13 309，S30900 SUH309 Z15CN24.13 309S24 2Cr25Ni20 310，S31000 CrNi2520 SUH310 12CN25.20 310S24 1Cr16Ni35 330 SUH330 Z12NCS35.16

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