[12] Males follow swarm emigrations and may remain with the newly created colony for the following weeks.[13]. [16] The role of policing is adopted by sterile workers, who select among the queen larvae. [16] This is likely because this genus' morphological caste differentiation was a secondary evolutionary step in sociality, representing a switch between size differentiation between castes to morphological differentiation between castes. It has also been hypothesized that the advantages of this protective formation during the daylight hours are what led to the selection of the nocturnal foraging and swarming behavior seen in this species. The monotypic Deuterapoica is sister to the subgenus Apoica, which contains the nine other nominal species of the genus (see Fig. Such a brain adaptation to their environment is certainly possible -- and not just for them, but any species. But that doesn’t mean that the individual regions of your brain will match up to your bigger cousins. [12] As the night progresses there are moderate to heavy levels of return and departures by smaller groups of wasps. The wasps on the outer layer of the comb face outward. By scraping and chewing wood into a pasty pulp, paper wasps make paper-like nests in the shape of an umbrella. Oct 17, 2014 - Apoica Wasp nest Order: Hymenopteres. 1, modified from Pickett & Wenzel 2007). Furthermore, when the presence of evil is suspected in a native's life, they must bath in this smoke of the burning nest as treatment. [16], Swarming wasps of the genus Epiponini generally place scent-markings on surfaces around the nest during the formation of swarm clusters. [15] A. pallens also have increased number of facets instead of larger facets of the eye, which has increased its relative eye size. The first host, in this case, would be a lepidopteran larvae, one of the main preys of Apoica and other Epiponini. Once located, the prey is quickly subdued, cut into manageable pieces that are chewed into a “meatball,” and carried back to the nest to be fed to the larvae. American Museum Novitates, Number 3562, 30 pp. These wasps are truly nocturnal, carrying out their foraging activities after the setting of the sun. [9] This has been observed for several reasons. Apoica pallens was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1804. [10] This special morphology contributes to the reproductive abilities of the queens. Ichneumonid wasps. [9], Apoica pallens is best known for its unique swarm founding behavior, in which the adult population of a colony abandons an old nest and emigrates to a new site. Instead reproduction is performed by several tolerant female queens. It is famous for its swarm based emigration behavior, and is native to the lowlands of Central and northern South America. "Apoica is a genus of wasps that evolved the ability to fly and hunt at night." These castes are classified as workers and queens, and this morphological distinction is based on the size of ovaries. These wasps … The nests of Apoica pallens, in particular, is known to be significant in the practices of the indigenous Pankarare and also the rural people of Brazil. Pickett, K. M. and J. W. Wenzel. INTRODUCTIONTh e genus Apoica Lepeletier, 1836, comprises nocturnal swarming paper wasps, confi ned to the Neotropics and placed in the tribe Epiponini. These wasps have larger visual fields compared to those of relatives due to a greater diameter of the rhabdom,[3] a rodlike structure in the eye that is sensitive to light. Although these features help increase the wasp's nocturnal vision, other factors not widely studied also contribute, such as the lateral branching of neurons in the first optic ganglion within the eye. However, relatedness between individuals in colonies of Epiponini shows that kinship is actually rather high. This differentiation is thought to be the result of differences in ovary development. It is divided into two subgenera, Apoica and Deuterapoica Dalla Torre, 1904. [14] Therefore, kinship is considered an important theory for explaining cooperation within the Epiponini tribe. Revision and cladistic analysis of the nocturnal social wasp genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini). Such a brain adaptation to their environment is certainly possible—and not just for them, but any species.

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