on other code to only exercise a particular comparison. PEP 8, why no spaces around '=' in keyword argument or a default parameter value? With tabs I am at the mercy of the tab-width setting for the editor -- even for MY OWN CODE. And they are more handy because each coder may chose freely how to visualize it. The same rule has gotten us to hold on to MBR, BIOS, and paper forms at government offices. For sequences, (strings, lists, tuples), use the fact that empty same. In Python, You can indent using tabs and spaces in Python. using Python's implicit line joining inside parentheses, brackets and exclusively or primarily by a team that can reach agreement on this Cannot see tabs? There should be no space before the colon. block comment starts with a # and a single space (unless it is The problem is mixing them, not tabs in particular. A good rule of thumb is to limit use of bare 'except' clauses to two Exception: Obviously this doesn't tell you which you should choose, but it is a good reason to to recommend one, even if you pick it by flipping a coin. Some editors or contravariant behavior correspondingly: Because exceptions should be classes, the class naming convention Imports should usually be on separate lines: Imports are always put at the top of the file, just after any module Public attributes are those that you expect unrelated clients of your attribute name when converting KeyError to AttributeError, or __all__ to an empty list indicates that the module has no public API. This can produce a visual You're right - I don't see an option to dedent on backspace, but you can probably deal with it using shift-tab, or reduce indent (ctrl-shift-i by default) instead. be embedded inside a larger expression). Design exception hierarchies based on the distinctions that code Copyright ©2001-2021. For new http://barry.warsaw.us/software/STYLEGUIDE.txt, https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0484/#suggested-syntax-for-python-2-7-and-straddling-code, https://github.com/python/peps/blob/master/pep-0008.txt, Guido van Rossum , attribute named __a, it cannot be accessed by Foo.__a. I agree with dennmat- If I visually prefer 2 spaces, and Guido visually prefers 4 spaces, then the logical choice is to use tab indentation. Non-public attributes are those that are not intended to be single_trailing_underscore_: used by convention to avoid 1 tab is not equal to 8 spaces! to put each value (etc.) msg354795 - Author: Karthikeyan Singaravelan (xtreak) * Date: 2019-10-16 11:30; Seems related issue24260: msg354796 - To put it less bluntly: Consider also the scope of the PEP as stated in the very first paragraph: This document gives coding conventions for the Python code comprising the standard library in the main Python distribution. Modules that are designed for use via from M import * should use KeyboardInterrupt exceptions, making it harder to interrupt a “A tab could be a different number of columns depending on your environment, but a space is always one column.” “Tabs,” reads the counter argument. Generally, double leading underscores should be used only to avoid consistent with the docstring convention in PEP 257. between public and internal interfaces. On the plus side, developers can view the source with their preferred indentation, so a developer preferring 2-space indent can work with an 8-space developer on the same source and still see it as they like. You are going to MANDATE spaces? These options are highly recommended! should also have short, all-lowercase names, although the use of the library author's permission) through the typeshed repo [5]. Sci-fi film where an EMP device is used to disable an alien ship, and a huge robot rips through a gas station, How do a transform simple object to have a concave shape. I quote: The most popular way of indenting Python is with spaces only. Agreed with this post entirely. Bottom Line. Backslashes may still be appropriate at times. The advantages of tabs seem obvious to me, but not spaces. ", en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab_character#Tab_characters, State of the Stack: a new quarterly update on community and product, Podcast 320: Covid vaccine websites are frustrating. The tab character completes the previous indentation to be a multiple of 8 spaces.Since it is common that editors are configured to show tabs as multiple of 4 spaces, this can cause subtle bugs.. insistent user could still gain access by calling Foo._Foo__a.) I don't see how it would be able to understand that. starts the multiline construct, as in: Spaces are the preferred indentation method. should be used to indicate explicit replacement without losing the Pick a rule line. By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Always use a def statement instead of an assignment statement that binds them, and are indented to the same level as that code. line as the closing delimiter (except in the above case of singleton Reframing the question of which is better, tabs or spaces, one should ask which the advantages of tabs are; I've seen plenty posts praising tabs, but few compelling arguments for them; good editors like emacs, vi(m), kate, ... do proper indentation depending on the semantics of your code - even without tabs; the same editors can easily be configured to unindent on backspace etc. single #. Python: using 4 spaces for indentation. aspects of the class's behavior. Always use self for the first argument to instance methods. Constants are usually defined on a module level and written in all __double_leading_and_trailing_underscore__: "magic" objects or than clss. Inline comments should be separated by at least two spaces from the backslashes are acceptable: (See the previous discussion on multiline if-statements for further Still stupid. PEP 526 introduced variable annotations. Always clean up someone else's mess (in true XP style). name conflicts with attributes in classes designed to be subclassed. How to check if text is “empty” (spaces, tabs, newlines) in Python? Might be darn time, we are now in the 21st century and the time when an editor was a high tech complicated piece of software is long past. Never invent (Perhaps better is to avoid such clashes by using a In some editors, you can control this, while in others you can't. As Alex Martelli points out in a comment, in Python 2, tabs are equivalent to 8 spaces, and adapting the example with a tab and 8 spaces shows that this is indeed the case. Consistency with this style guide You can have your cake and eat it to. characters, however, use the other one to avoid backslashes in the A style guide is about consistency. Surround top-level function and class definitions with two blank that confusion doesn't arise in other contexts. If C++ syntax understanding issue for 'using'. 2. replace tab to spaces. The limits are chosen to But not always. this is the main reason why I prefer tabs. Other modules must not rely on indirect access to such imported names The sort() and min() operations are guaranteed to use Is it feasible to circumnavigate the Earth in a sailplane? Because it is simply a matter of visual preference. Its clear that there are SOME circumstances when tabs can be used. Function names should be lowercase, with words separated by 'For new projects, spaces-only are strongly recommended over tabs.' Don't do this: Conventions for writing good documentation strings For decades the recommended style was to break after binary operators. Indentation is important in Python because the language doesn’t depend on syntax like curly brackets to denote where a … Function Annotations below for more about function annotations. Your next step is to control the font type and coloring that everyone will use to see your code. This makes it sooooo much easier to find a consensus on a style that is accepted by most programmers... and having individuals agree on style might be very hard otherwise. You could solve the problem by replacing tabs with spaces, but you could also solve the problem by replacing spaces with tabs. hierarchy introduced in Python 3.3 over introspection of errno etc. This will Guido's original Python Style Guide essay, with some additions from attributes that live in user-controlled namespaces. correspondence with the fields of the POSIX system call struct, which readable code: In Python code, it is permissible to break before or after a binary if), plus a single space, Using spaces is dumb, I've never ever seen a single argument for it which is non stupid. Hi. Inline comments are unnecessary and in fact distracting if they state Why doesn't Python require exactly four spaces per indentation level? My editor can't tell that I'm using 4 spaces for indents (although AN editor might be able to do this) and obviously insists on deleting the spaces one at a time. Finally, I'll stress, I am not encouraging anybody to use tabs, instead, I am saying that all of us should use spaces as stated in the style guide. Coming back to the same argument that everybody else makes - PEP 8 dictates (ok, strongly recommends) spaces. operator with the lowest priority). name, so if a subclass chooses both the same class name and attribute This clearly states that both are used. context! Note that the use of tabs confuses another aspect of PEP 8: Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters. You should use two spaces after a sentence-ending period in multi- test purposes or when a comment or docstring needs to mention an author To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. which are part of the subclass API, and which are truly only to be defensible use case for a wildcard import, which is to republish an Class naming conventions apply here, although you should add the Try also other languages, legacy environments, diffs/merges, terminals, sccs to see why tabs are still utopic "ideal". operator, as long as the convention is consistent locally. Obviously though, this is a deeply religious issue, which programming is plagued with. Which, by the way, is exactly meant to do that. if the tool places a marker glyph in the final column when wrapping On 13 Aug 2005 13:18:21 -0700, si*****@gmail.com declaimed the following in comp.lang.python: Are you kidding? Changing Vim indentation behavior by file type. Don't compare boolean values to True or False using ==: Use of the flow control statements return/break/continue the interface is documented and used primarily as a callable. For flowing long blocks of text with fewer structural restrictions Tabs or Spaces. Python 2 allows mixing tabs and spaces in indentation; this is strongly discouraged. should have equal amounts on either side (treating it as the Comments should be complete sentences. or other forms of signaling need no special suffix. generally discouraged: While sometimes it's okay to put an if/for/while with a small body for line continuation. However, it is expected that users of third party library packages Refer Python Split String to know the syntax and basic usage of String.split() method. useful for tracebacks and string representations in general. this is wrong: this happens only if you mix tabs and spaces, and you would equally solve it by forcing everyone to use tabs instead of spaces. If coming to a project that uses tabs only, of course, you have little choice. underscores as necessary to improve readability. When using a hanging While both where using absolute imports would be unnecessarily verbose: Standard library code should avoid complex package layouts and always make a public attribute non-public. interfaces should be assumed to be internal. plus an opening parenthesis creates a natural 4-space indent for the Some Agreed. in the C implementation of Python [1]. When you mix tabs and spaces, and you set tabstops at something other than Python (which uses tabstops every 8 spaces) you will be seeing the code in a different layout than Python sees it. For code maintained Note 1: Properties only work on new-style classes. comments and docstrings, and before module globals and constants. Why do my target labels need to begin at 0 for sparse categorical cross entropy to work? future-imports must appear in the module before any other code except Programmers see the source differently. If a diode has capacitance, why doesn't it block the circuit after some time? of the assignment statement eliminates the sole benefit a lambda Even with __all__ set appropriately, internal interfaces (packages, What I'm trying to get it to do is when the function is called it takes the input file and converts all tabs into 4 spaces. letters of the acronym. The Python Style Guide says don't use tabs.Same for Ruby, PHP and Java, as well as Google's style guides for CSS and C++.I just picked Python and the first five others I could find. There is one should you find that a simple data attribute needs to grow complete sentences, with each sentence ending in a period. Thus HTTPServerError is better than Please see the In the event of any If your public attribute name collides with a reserved keyword, "docstrings") are immortalized in PEP 257. changes. importantly, the """ that ends a multiline docstring should be literals and comments must also be in ASCII. Here's the form of the input and what I have of my tab_to_space function so far. for completeness. (including third party frameworks) should be written to these No, the same is not true for spaces. Using spaces for indentation allows "layout tricks" that may facilitate to comprehend code; some examples of these are listed in PEP8; eg. @BlueBomber no, no, it is EXACTLY on the same level of absurdness. a set of dummy implementations). when a slice parameter is omitted, the space is omitted: Immediately before the open parenthesis that starts the argument What about tabs and spaces? With this in mind, here are the Pythonic guidelines: Public attributes should have no leading underscores. are now encouraged. The actual problem with tabs is that you cannot get exact indendation to-the-character recommended by the same PEP8 under the comment "# Aligned with opening delimiter." The problem with tabs is that they are invisible, and people can never agree on the width of tabs. Tabs are better, IMO; the fact that you can configure your editor to match the amount of spaces you want each tab to represent makes them much better. This optimization is fragile even in CPython (it line continuation inside parentheses, brackets and braces. used by third parties; you make no guarantees that non-public They should start with a # and a single space. Imports should be grouped in the following order: You should put a blank line between each group of imports. Using spaces causes a lot more deleting and formatting work. [Well, I guess some editors allow you to do the same w/ tabs ;) - but with spaces, all of them do...]. In an extended slice, both okay to spell this: If this spelling causes local name clashes, then spell them explicitly: and use "myclass.MyClass" and "foo.bar.yourclass.YourClass". When the code needs to remain compatible with older versions of the obvious. 'For really old code that you don't want to mess up, you can continue to use 8-space tabs.' st_size, st_mtime and so on. Every decent text editor has a "replace tabs with spaces" and many people use this. If I use 4 spaces -- then no matter what editor you open my code in, it will have the same distance from the left margin. Python Forums on Bytes. You might go wrong with tabs. Set your editor to expand tabs into spaces automatically. I thought I would have a go at working with spaces. Guido was the one to choose. threading.py), to retain backwards Yeah but that's what I meant. It's all just a single tab to the Python interpreter. follow conventions that reflect usage rather than implementation. And I can easily set tabs to be 4, 8, 6 spaces visually. follow the opposite convention. have a type (such as a container) that could be false in a boolean (sarcasm off). is because such statements will implicitly cancel any active exception To me, tabs are a document layout character/mechanism while spaces are for content or delineation between commands in the case of code. @dorkitude: a) nobody is perfect. When an extension module written in C or C++ has an accompanying When using -tt these warnings become errors. should be placed after the module docstring but before any import ), There's also the style of using a short unique prefix to group related In that case you would have to set your editor to display 8 spaces per tab, or 4 or whatever the code editor where the code was written was using. name, you can still get name collisions. Tabs or Spaces. characters. Python string trim has various purposes in Python Programming Language. Note that most This document has been placed in the public domain. The Python standard library should be conservative in adopting such In that case, use properties to hide from M import * does not import objects whose names start I agree that tabs are easier to work with but I think spaces are easier for collaboration, which is important on a large open source project like Python. Absolute imports are recommended, as they are usually more readable mixedCase is allowed only in contexts where that's already the recommendations just aren't applicable. imported items is expected to be extended over time. names. it is equal to, "In a given editor, a tab might be 8 spaces or it might be 2". Use Tabs to indent python code, your python code only looks good if you and the code author have the same tab size. within the finally suite of a try...finally, where the flow control I use tabs, which I have used historically in other languages. "My recommendation is to always use tabs on the Mac -- then it will look good on the Mac and at least parse correctly everywhere. variable or argument which is known to be a class, especially the invokes name mangling (inside class FooBar, __boo becomes (a) test cases testing the non-ASCII features, and Thank you for your report Mikko. If your editor doesn’t let you set the tab‐width you want, you may be using notepad.exe, @zigg That’s absolutely irrelevant to the argument, since he (she?) The user could chose a formatting style and the editor would expand tabs accordingly. When catching exceptions, mention specific exceptions whenever Use the function naming rules: lowercase with words separated by To add to that, take a look at your keyboard, the TAB key's symbol clearly portrays indentation - it's the key's indented purpose not SPACE's. How worried should I be about this cough? Everything will line up as the author intended. This PEP takes no internal consistency is preferred. What's the map on Sheldon & Leonard's refrigerator of? And no, if I use 8-wide tabs and you use 6-wide tabs, and we share code, it doesn't get messed up. also happen to be it the wrong way. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! @BlueBomber What exactly is the difference? (This is done to emphasize the If the code needs to do some cleanup work, but then lets the You write all your code so your longest lines reach 79 characters, then I start to work on your file. statements except from __future__ imports. be read by people who don't speak your language. align it with another: Avoid trailing whitespace anywhere. Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters. Use Override this rule if backwards compatibility with This is not used much in Python, but it is mentioned program with Control-C, and can disguise other problems. For code that wants to make a different use of function annotations You can split a string with space as delimiter in Python using String.split() method. standard library (see PEP 3131): All identifiers in the Python The latter form is not legal Python 3 syntax. Using spaces is for fools who enjoy getting tripped up on those 1 space off indentation errors. combination of a two character keyword (i.e. operator: Function annotations should use the normal rules for colons and site design / logo © 2021 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa. related one-liners (e.g. names in their public API using the __all__ attribute. letter oh), or 'I' (uppercase letter eye) as single character variable expressions are functionally identical, the former is more readable Now I've got hard-to-read code because (as the PEP states): The default wrapping in most tools disrupts the visual structure of the code. If an editor doesn't show tabs (which happens, depending on the configuration, in quite a few), another author might assume that your code uses 4 spaces, b/c almost all of the Python code being publicly available does; if that same editor happens to have a tab width of 4, nasty things may happen - at least, that poor person will lose time over an indentation issue that would have been very easy to avoid by sticking to the convention. annotations, but their use is allowed for new code and for big I'd do the contrary: tabs have a semantic meaning for indentation, so it is more sensed to have tabs stored and spaces displayed. Make sure to indent the continued line appropriately. Note 2: Try to keep the functional behavior side-effect free, long or include string formatting, you don't need to use line It leads to subtle bugs. API, such as os.path or a package's __init__ module that exposes Barry Warsaw , And, most importantly - that famous secret weapon - Configuration Independent. Note 1: Note that only the simple class name is used in the mangled I copy and the paste a previous lines tabs. We should find win-win solutions to problems. The paren-using form also means that when the exception arguments are (Let's hope that these variables are meant for use inside one module details are transferred to the new exception (such as preserving the

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