Hegel, Deleuze, and the Critique of Representation Dialectics of Negation and Difference. 2005;7(suppl 4):21-33.39. Group psychotherapy as an adjunct to lithium maintenance. Criticisms of Consequentialism 1. A randomized, placebo-controlled 12-month trial of divalproex and lithium in treatment of outpatients with bipolar I disorder. It is attractive for treatment in older adults. Calabrese JR, Bowden CL, Sachs GS, et al. New York: Guilford; 1997.49. Group therapy as an adjunct to medications in the management of bipolar affective disorder. 1979;136:455-456.42. Developing a normative critique of international trade law : special & differential treatment . Cross- national epidemiology of major depression and bipolar disorder. Because lithium neurotoxicity was suspected, her lithium dosage was decreased to 450 mg/d; on follow-up her serum lithium level was 0.5 mmol/L. A short summary of this paper. Definitional applications. 1994;55:215.22. Treatment guidelines: current and future management of bipolar disorder. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. Sajatovic M. Treatment of bipolar disorder in older adults. Miklowitz DJ, Frank E, George EL. Ann Clin Psychiatry. Art critics served a regulatory, introspective and proscriptive function for the circulation and reception of art, and artists often saw their opinions as useful, insightful, or instructive. Young RC, Jain H, Kiosses DN, Meyers BS. It is typical for dementia or delirium to be associated with nighttime agitation and confusion in patients ("sundowning"). Most of what we know about the treatment of BD comes from randomized, controlled clinical trials in adult or mixed-age populations. 28 Full PDFs related to … In a patient with a history of BD, any change in baseline mood or functioning suggests a decompensation, warranting a workup for a concurrent medical condition. Psychiatry. Bipolar mood disorders in the elderly. 1994;151(suppl 12):1-36.30. 1999;108: 579-587.45. Shifts in diagnostic frequencies of schizophrenia and major affective disorders at six North American psychiatric hos-pitals, 1972-1988. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. Beyer J, Siegal A, Kennedy J, et al. Himmelhoch JM, Fuchs CZ, Symons BJ. We discuss the epidemiological data, differential diagnosis, evidence-based pharmacotherapy, and psychosocial interventions available for treatment of BD in older adults. 1981;35:226-234.43. 2000;30:473-480.11. Topics include equilibria, aqueous acid-base equilibria, solubility equilibria, oxidation reduction reactions, electrochemistry, and kinetics with a special emphasis on the statistical treatment of data and analytical methods of chemical analysis. © 2021 MJH Life Sciences™ and Psychiatric Times. 1982;170:628-634.33. Yeung PP, Tariot PN, Schneider LS, et al. Posted Mar 06, 2018 2003;60:1079-1088.29. China is categorised as a developing country at the Geneva-based institution, which affords it “special and differential treatment”. J Consult Clin Psychol. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder A Critique of the PTSD Guidelines Why I do not support the PTSD Treatment Guidelines. Niedermier JA, Nasrallah HA. Third, we find that while the choice between cross-sectional matching and difference-in-differences matching makes a big difference to the estimated biases, the details of the matching procedure in general do not. Picture taken February 23, 2013. Application of the implicit function theorem is a recurring theme in the book. Frank E, Swartz HA, Mallinger AG, et al. J Clin Psychopharmacol. Its formal goal is to foster export-led growth in developing countries. The Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan (SCSP), which allocates a proportionate share of the development budget to Dalits, was largely notional until it became the focus of Dalit campaigning and high-profile criticism for failures of allocation. Highly refractory and protracted depressive episodes in BD have not been studied systematically in adult populations or in the elderly. Justin Karter - October 15, 2015. J Abnorm Psychol. India has said that special and differential treatment for developing nations and least-developed has been an essential principle of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), reports The Hindu Businessline. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2nd ed. A negative family history of BD may be unreliable, as family members may have received a diagnosis (or misdiagnosis) before the modern diagnostic classification. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) can benefit younger patients with bipolar depression32 and are effective in older patients with unipolar depression.33 In general, TCAs and MAOIs have higher rates of switching than SSRIs and bupropion, but they have not been studied in geriatric bipolar depression. Much of what we know about the epidemiology of geriatric BD derives from data on mixed adult populations, geriatric and nongeriatric. It will describe the model’s development and outline its core clinical components. Abstract. 2000;48:582-592.50. Biol Psychiatry. Wehr TA, Goodwin FK. Int J Group Psychother. Lithium was then tapered and discontinued, and olanzapine was maintained at 2.5 mg/d at bedtime. Amazon has faced various critiques over the quality of its working environments and treatment of its workforce. Neurologic factors predict a favorable valproate response in bipolar and schizoaffective disorders. Jon Wiley. DVP and oxcarbazepine have replaced carbamazepine because of fewer adverse effects and better tolerability, although there is far less efficacy data for treatment of mania with oxcarbazepine. Title: The Difference Approach to Narrative Fiction: ... salient aspects of narratology, and conclude that the most radical critics have a difference approach to narrative fiction. The dosage of furosemide, a diuretic, was recently increased for hypertension. Kanas N. Group psychotherapy with bipolar patients: a review and synthesis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. Br J Psychiatr. 1987;144:1403-1411.28. The Differential Emotions Scale (DES) (Izard, 1997s) is a multidimensional self-report device for assessment of an individual's emotions (whether fundamental emotions or patterns of emotions). Forester BP, Antognini F, Stoll A. Geriatric bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Ann. Stoll AL, Banov M, Kolbrener M, et al. In: Agronin ME, Maletta GJ, eds. Regenold WT, Prasad M. Uses of intravenous valproate in geriatric psychiatry. Black DW, Winokur G, Nasrallah A. Psychiatr Clin North Am. Mental Health Professionals Critique the Biomedical Model of Psychological Problems . Critics, including business professor Scott Galloway, described the bidding war as "a con" and stated that it was a pretext for gaining tax breaks and insider information for the company. 1998;59(suppl 18):23-29.36. In the past 6 months, Mrs Smith's condition has been stable with no further mood episodes. Gerocognitive behavior therapy combines a developmental perspective with cognitive interventions modified for older adults.58 This integrative model offers preventive strategies, including management of stress, attention to biological rhythms, and improved medication compliance, as well as reparative measures to deal with the interpersonal, social, and practical aftermath of the manic or depressive episode. Quetiapine was recently approved for bipolar depression in adults. 1997;41:1165-1173.44. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2004;12: 342-357.16. Other anticonvulsants have been used in elderly patients who have BD, with limited support from controlled studies. Vieta E, Goilolea JM. DVP interacts with other highly protein-bound medications such as warfarin,23 is a modest cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibitor, and also strongly inhibits certain glucuronidation enzymes, thus increasing levels of lamotrigine. Utilitarianism does not take into account rights and rules. Overall, these newer anticonvulsants have yet to be studied sufficiently in elderly patients with BD and mania to justify an authoritative recommendation for use. 2001;178(suppl 41):S164-S168.57. Mrs Smith, a 74-year-old widow with a 30-year history of BD, was referred because of concerns about increasing depression. 1998;3. Divalproex Maintenance Study Group. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. Am J Psychiatry. 1977; 47:495-502.52. Lamictal 602 Study Group. Download PDF. Satlin A, Liptzin B. Accessed June 29, 2007.7. Second, it entails that, in certain cases at least, equal respect may justify differential treatment and the recognition of special minority rights. Course of the manic-depressive cycle and changes caused by treatment. The co-occurrence of significant signs of confusion, fluctuation of alertness, or evidence of autonomic dysfunction may indicate the presence of delirium. GENEVA -- India, China, the African Group and other World Trade Organization members this week defended the “rights” of developing countries to special and differential treatment, likely setting up a confrontation with the U.S. at next week’s General Council meeting. Bipolar disorder and family communication: effects of a psychoeducational treatment program. 1988;45:225-231.47. Treatment of mania: a naturalistic study of electroconvulsive therapy versus lithium in 438 patients. Adjunctive psychotherapy for bipolar disorder: effects of changing treatment modality. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006:369-391. 1996;4(suppl 1):S66-S78.58. Thus, pretreatment workup should include a thorough list of current medications, as well as ECG and assessment of electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. Lifetime prevalence of BD appears uniform across cultures and similar between men and women.1 The 1-year prevalence of BD among adults aged 65 and older is 0.4%, significantly lower than in younger adults (1.4%).2 BD is highly recurrent, with 85% to 100% of patients experiencing a recurrence after the initial episode.3. Georgotas A, McCue RE, Hapworth W, et al. Practical guidelines for diagnosing and treating mania and bipolar disorder in the elderly. McFarland BH, Miller MR, Straumfjord AA. Pharmakopsychiatr Neuropsychopharmakol. Manic symptoms: an indication for bilateral ECT. and Critique By Jenny Brown This paper will give an overview of Murray Bowen’s theory of family systems. 1999;7:70-76.10. Within 2 weeks, Mrs Smith's daughter called to report that her mom was "no longer depressed," and had improved motivation, energy, and concentration, as well as a return to independent functioning. Dir Psychiatry. Nambudiri DE, Meyers BS, Young RC. Year of publication: Can antidepressants cause mania and worsen the course of affective illness? Satterfield JM. For example, the implicit function theorem is used to prove the rec- ... Another special feature of the book is … Electroconvulsive therapy. Simoneau TL, Miklowitz DJ, Richards JA, et al. Clinical Geriatric Psychopharmacology. Bipolar depression is a complex and difficult-to-treat condition that remains seriously understudied.13 Antidepressants can provide short-term benefit but may increase the risk of mania and rapid cycling over the long-term.26,27 Minimizing the use of antidepressants in bi- polar depression may be possible since some newer mood stabilizers appear to have stronger antidepressant properties than conventional mood stabilizers. Treatment of consumers Differential pricing. New York: Marcel Dekker; 2003.59. 2000; 61:12-18.18. Download Full PDF Package. My library Bittman BJ, Young RC. Pharmacological approaches and ECT can be helpful in acute and maintenance treatment of late life mania and bipolar depression, although prospective, randomized, controlled trials in geriatric BD of all phases are currently lacking. Davenport YB, Ebert MH, Adland ML, Goodwin FK. There are no double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of geriatric BD. This case highlights a number of important clinical issues when treating older adults with BD, including the importance of maintaining these patients at lower serum levels of medications, the development of cognitive impairment, the challenges in switching from lithium to alternative mood-stabilizing therapies, and the use of combination pharmacotherapy. Presented at: 10th Congress of the International Psychogeriatric Association; September 9-14, 2001; Nice, France.12. Stoll AL, Haura G. Tranylcypromine plus risperidone for treatment-refractory major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1980;13:156-167.27. In the field of children's mental health services research, the term "evidence-based practice" refers to a body of scientific knowledge about service practices—for example, referral, assessment, and case management—or about the impact of clinical treatments or services on the mental health problems of children and adolescents. This study has been criticized on various grounds that are not germane to the science, but the most salient criticism is the lack of randomization into the control and treatment groups. Description. Consequentialism does not take into account the morally relevant difference between acts and omissions 4. 818 Pages. Multilateral trade rules contain a number of provisions granting Special and Differential Treatment (SDT) to developing countries. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Risinger RC, Risby ED, Risch SC. This is a valid general scientific criticism, but does not represent epidemiologic experience in this instance. 1999;60:79-88.40. Group therapy in the management of manic-depressive illness. Shakir SA, Volkmar FR, Bacon S, Pfefferbaum A. tested revisions, to a treatment of the subject that is suitable for a year (or ... avoid this criticism. In treating older adults with mania, conventional antipsychotic medications have been used during the acute phase of the disorder.6 Atypical agents have supplanted conventional antipsychotic medications as first-line treatments in geriatric clinical practice largely because of the adverse effects associated with conventional antipsychotics, including a heightened risk of tardive dyskinesia with long-term use in older adults.9 In controlled and uncontrolled trials, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole have each been shown to be beneficial in younger patients who are manic.10 All atypical antipsychotic medications, except clozapine and paliperidone, have been FDA-approved for the treatment of acute mania, both as monotherapy and in combination with lithium or divalproex sodium (DVP), and may be used in the elderly as well.11, Dosing of atypical antipsychotics in the elderly is generally one half to one third the dose recommended for younger patients, although it varies with factors such as comorbid medical illness and age.12 Studies of mixed-age patients have shown benefit from adjunctive risperidone with DVP or lithium.13,14 Olanzapine monotherapy has demonstrated superior effectiveness compared with placebo for the treatment of mania in mixed-age patients, and a preliminary analysis of manic patients aged 50 years and older also suggests effectiveness.15 Preliminary open-label experience with quetiapine in older adults suggests that it may also have a role in treatment.16. Sure Looks Like It – Technorati Glosslip", "Amazon Caught Deleting Negative EA DRM-Related Reviews... Again", "Amazon removes book reviews by fellow authors", "Amazon redacts one-star reviews of Hillary Clinton's What Happened", "Here's Another Kind Of Review Fraud Happening On Amazon", "Amazon still hasn't fixed its problem with bait-and-switch reviews", "Swedish Court Confirms Arrest Warrant for WikiLeaks Founder", "Open Letter to Amazon.com Customer Service", "Even Jeff Bezos can't afford to ignore his employees' climate-change demands", "Amazon Employees Will Walk Out Over Climate Change Inaction", "Hundreds of Amazon employees plan to walk out of work in protest of Amazon's environmental policies", "How To Avoid Dangerous Counterfeits On Amazon This Holiday Season", List of mergers and acquisitions by Amazon, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_Amazon&oldid=1011927461, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles with dead external links from November 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Tohen M, Vieta E, Calabrese J, et al. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1992: 310-330.24. 8085. The difference between the two treatments of 1.6 QALYs-0.4 QALYs=1.2 QALYs represents the incremental clinical value of treatment 2 (compared to treatment 1) recognized by the QALY measure. Yassa R, Nair NP, Iskandar H. Late-onset bipolar disorder. © 2021 MJH Life Sciences and Psychiatric Times. Delayed recovery from lithium neurotoxicity. Recent follow-up neuropsychological testing after 2 years indicated a stable impairment in memory retrieval and executive functioning. 1993;43: 321-333.55. Arch Gen Psychiatry. Maintenance ECT is an option for patients who show poor response to maintenance medication regimens.10, A number of studies have demonstrated the efficacy of psychotherapy in improving medication adherence in adult bipolar patients,40-42 although it has not been addressed in the geriatric population. A group known as The FACE (Former And Current Employees) of Amazon has regularly used social media to disseminate criticism of the company and allegations regarding negative work conditions. Miklowitz DJ, Frank E, George EL. Biol Psychiatry. Int J Group Psychother. 2000;57:481-489.37. Goldberg JF. Jewschool", "Hundreds protest at Amazon store in Manhattan against company's ICE involvement", "US local news stations air segments on Amazon penned by company's PR team", "Oh cool, Amazon is dictating the local news now", "Amazon sent out a scripted news segment, and 11 stations aired it", "Local news stations run propaganda segment scripted and produced by Amazon", "Amazon gave TV stations coronavirus propaganda, and some aired it", "UK court ruling may prompt more scrutiny of Amazon tax plans", "Arsenal fans call for Amazon boycott over sale of disgusting Wenger chant", "Amazon Climbdown Over Obscene Wenger CD", "Actress sues Amazon for revealing age on film database", "Appeals Court Hears the Scary Things That Can Happen to Actors Who Lie to IMDb", "Historian Orlando Figes admits posting Amazon reviews that trashed rivals", "BEACON SPOTLIGHT: Amazon.com rave book reviews – too good to be true? Olanzapine, divalproex, and placebo treatment non-head-to-head comparisons of older-adult acute mania. Research has often found negative results concerning the Special … 1990;28:17-22.53. 3. Family-focused treatment of bipolar disorder: one-year effects of a psychoeducational program in conjunction with pharmacotherapy. Bipolar Disord. This paper. 1988;18:141-153.3. Case-Based Psych Perspectives-Schizophrenia, ADHD: Strategies for Developing a Further Dialogue, http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/430757. Cochran SD. 1999;108:588-597.51. Special and differential treatment (S&D) provisions introduced in the GATT and the WTO in support of strengthened global integration of the developing country (DC) and least developed country (LDC) members have come under increasing scrutiny and criticism in recent years. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;20:495-496.35. Nasser Dallash. Our current guidelines for treating BD in the elderly are derived from uncontrolled studies and findings reported in younger and mixed-age populations (Table 2). In the U.S. critics who view themselves as part of the “progressive left” worry that the rise of the “cultural left” with its emphasis on multiculturalism and difference turns the focus away from struggles for economic justice (Gitlin 1995, Rorty 1999). A double-blind study of tranylcypromine treatment of major anergic depression. This means treating this literary practice as following another rule system for creating meaning than other kinds of storytelling. Groups for inpatients with bipolar disorder. Affective disorders in five United States communities. Psychiatr Clin North Am. Consultation with a urologist led Mrs Smith and her family to discuss gradually tapering off lithium. 1999;62:357-369.46. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. Quetiapine for elderly patients with psychotic disorders. Improving relationships. While a great deal of the excitement about advances in psychological treatments comes from the potential for research in neuroscience to unlock the secrets of the brain, many mental health experts would like to temper this enthusiasm. Small JG, Small IF, Milstein V, et al. Scott J. Cognitive therapy as an adjunct to medication in bipolar disorder. Lamotrigine, olanzapine, and aripiprazole have been FDA-approved for the prevention of recurrent episodes of bipolar mania and depression.37,38 Lamotrigine has been shown to have acute and prophylactic antidepressant effects in patients with acute bipolar depression39 and in delaying relapse of bipolar depression.37 Among the major mood stabilizers, lamotrigine stands out as the best-tolerated medication; the only serious adverse effect is risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Little information is available regarding maintenance treatment and prevention of subsequent episodes of late-life mania. Internal Criticism Sometimes called as “higher criticism” The meaning and trustworthiness of the contents of the documents Value and worth of its contents, its literal meaning and the reliability of the statements themselves. Antidepressant-associated mania in late life. However, as with gabapentin, topiramate and levetiracetam have failed in industry-supported studies of acute mania. In patients with MMSE scores of less than 15, the diagnosis of mania is especially problematic, particularly in distinguishing mania from dementia, delirium, or agitated depression.6 The following pearls may help with the differential diagnosis for patients who present with a combination of manic and cognitive symptoms.7, Unfortunately, the literature is lacking regarding the clinical presentation of geriatric bipolar depression and how or whether it may be distinguished from bipolar depression in a younger population.5. As an outpatient, lamotrigine was prescribed, which was titrated to 100 mg/d over 2 months. 1996;276:293-299.2. Criticism: There are several examples of diagnoses being added to or removed from the diagnostic manual based on social pressure from special interest groups and other factors that should not affect the supposedly scientific process of writing the manual. Miklowitz DJ, Goldstein MJ, Nuechterlein KH, et al. Weissman MM, Bland RC, Canino GJ, et al. JAMA. McDonald WM, Nemeroff CB. USTR Robert Lighthizer, at the WTO MC11 in Buenos Aires, seemed to criticize the special and differential treatment enjoyed by large developing countries like India In this article, we use a case vignette to illustrate some of the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties presented by BD in geriatric patients. The Special Olympics has been a controversial program for persons with disabilities. Dementia is typically associated with focal neurological findings, such as aphasia, apraxia, or impaired visuospatial functioning. Psychotherapy has much to offer in enhancing treatment compliance, addressing relapse risks, and helping patients cope with the implications of a chronic mental disorder. The onset of a manic episode may be indicated by a rapid decline in cognitive functioning in a patient who has dementia, along with fluctuations in mood, energy, and sleep. J Clin Psychiatry. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains an important intervention in the treatment of acute mania in later life and is often reserved for patients whose illness is resistant to medication or who require a rapid symptomatic resolution because of risks of dangerousness or malnutrition. Forester BP, Antognini F, Sivrioglu EY, et al. This possibility caused her severe anxiety and sleeplessness, leading to a brief hospitalization for a mixed episode with racing thoughts, irritable mood, and pressured speech. Volkmar FR, Bacon S, Shakir SA, Pfefferbaum A. Umapathy C, Mulsant BH, Pollock BG. On examination, Mrs Smith had a notable intention tremor of the hands, a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of 28 of 30, and a lithium level of 0.9 mmol/L. Controlled clinical research, in partnership with the technologies of genetics, molecular biology, and functional neuroimaging, will provide a better understanding of the neurobiological causes of geriatric BD and will promote more specific and effective treatment strategies.

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